Bergama & Pergamon

Bergama and Pergamon offer one of the richest historical experiences in the İzmir region, combining ancient archaeology, traditional Ottoman architecture and the natural landscapes of the northern Aegean. Modern Bergama developed around the remains of ancient Pergamon, once one of the most powerful cultural and political centres of the Hellenistic world. The most impressive archaeological site is the Pergamon Acropolis, rising high above the modern town. Pergamon became the capital of the Attalid Kingdom during the Hellenistic period and was famous for its monumental architecture, scholarship and artistic achievements. Visitors can explore the remains of temples, palaces, the ancient theatre and other public buildings while enjoying panoramic views across the surrounding landscape. One of the most remarkable structures on the Acropolis is the steep ancient theatre, built into the hillside and offering dramatic views over the valley below. The archaeological area also includes remains connected with the Temple of Trajan, the Temple of Athena and the famous Library of Pergamon, which was considered one of the great libraries of the ancient world. Below the Acropolis lies the Asklepion, one of the most important healing centres of antiquity. Dedicated to Asclepius, the god of medicine, the sanctuary attracted patients from across the ancient world. Treatments combined bathing, exercise, rest, dream interpretation and other therapeutic practices, reflecting the medical traditions of the Greek and Roman periods. Another major landmark is the Red Basilica, a monumental Roman-period building constructed from distinctive red brick. Originally associated with the worship of Egyptian deities, part of the complex was later converted into a Christian basilica. Its enormous walls and unusual architectural design make it one of Bergama’s most striking ancient monuments. The Bergama Museum presents archaeological discoveries from Pergamon and other sites in the surrounding region. Its collections include sculptures, ceramics, coins and architectural fragments that help visitors better understand the artistic, religious and everyday life of the ancient city. Bergama’s historic town centre also preserves important examples of traditional urban life. Bergama Arasta consists of old market streets where shops and workshops continue the town’s long commercial tradition. Nearby, the Historical Bergama Houses are recognised for their stone and brick construction, wooden details, courtyards and distinctive architectural character. Beyond the town, the Kozak Plateau offers a completely different landscape. Surrounded by pine forests and rural villages, the plateau is particularly known for its pine nut production and peaceful natural scenery. It provides an opportunity to experience the agricultural traditions and countryside of the Bergama region. Together, the Pergamon Acropolis, Asklepion, Red Basilica, Bergama Museum, historic markets and houses, and Kozak Plateau reveal the remarkable diversity of Bergama. The ancient city and its surrounding cultural landscape were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2014, recognising Pergamon’s exceptional archaeological and historical importance.